Political Science in Simple way

  John Locke (1632–1704) was an English philosopher. His political writings inspire many liberal thinkers. He was the first thinker of his time who stand against absolutism and underlay the outline of modern constitutionalism.  His political thoughts like natural rights, freedom, Consent, religious tolerance,  right to revolution, limited government etc has played a crucial role to the development of western democracies.  Ideas on Social Contract  On Locke’s 'Two Treaties On Government' he wrote about Social Contract.  In first he criticize the Political Thought of Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653) who support absolutism with patriarchal nature very strongly.  He rejects Filmer's thought about devine rights of king.  Social Contract  Human Nature   Unlike Thomas Hobbies(1588-1679) Locke believe in human nature as a blank state ( tabula rasa) with no ideas. He has only reason and cooperative behavior to survive. He believed that at the time o...

Before knowing about Ecologism we should know from where this thought came. The growth of Green ideology since 1960 has been provoked from intense advancement of  industrialization and urbanization.  Many thinkers observe that there should be any limitation on this because environment getting damaged.   Ecologism is a political ideology and theoretical perspective that emphasizes the importance of the natural environment and rethink the relationship between humans and nature. It argues that environmental problems cannot be solved merely through reforms within existing political, economic, or social systems; instead, it requires a transformation of values, institutions, and lifestyles. 1. Intrinsic Value of Nature : Ecologism asserts that nature has value in itself not merely for its usefulness to humans. This contrasts with anthropocentric ideologies like liberalism or socialism who put human above nature and wants to utilize nature according to their need.  2....

Socialism is an economic and political system in which the means of production—such as factories , industries , and resources —are owned and controlled by the state or the community as a whole. The main goal of socialism is to reduce inequality and ensure that wealth and resources are distributed fairly among all people. The Oxford English Dictionary defines Socialism as 'a theory or policy that aims at or advocates the ownership or control of the means of production - capital , land , property , etc. - by the community as a whole and their administration in the interests of all'. Under socialism, the government plays a major role in planning and managing the economy to meet the needs of everyone. It emphasizes cooperation over competition and focuses on public welfare , social justice , and equal opportunities . Here are the main features of socialism: 1. Collective Ownership – The first and basic feature of socialism is Collective ownership. The means of production s...

Meaning of Development Before understanding the Political Development, it is important to know about Development. Development is the process in which any person, institutions, organizations, states etc. becoming bigger in status, stronger and better.   Political Development The term Political Development mostly refers for the growth and development of Third World countries political system. Many times, it refers for the growth of modernization in these countries. Lucian Pye should be regarded as the leading light of the earlier batch of writers who analyses the concept of development in depth and give impression on the entire literature of political development. Lucian Pye presents the concept of Political Development in his book ‘Aspects of Political Development’ in 1966. Before give his own interpretation on Political Development he accepts and reject some definitions of Political Development which mention following: Political Development 1     Political D...

Plato in ‘Republic’ tried to portray the picture of an ideal state. In this book he first focused on three division of man’s mind into Reason, Spirit and Appetite and then divide society into three corresponding division i.e. The Ruler, the Soldiers and the Farmers. He however gives great importance to Reason and believed that when Reason rules the state it will be the ideal state. Who have Reason in highest peek according to Plato will called Philosopher King? He is the person with dominating reason who posses the wisdom and has the knowledge of Ideas or Forms. Qualification of Philosopher King According to Plato there should a great education system in ideal state in which all individual according to their specialization will be trained and who will dominating by Reason and reach to last of this education system will be Philosopher King. However, both Soldiers and Philosopher King have same kind of education system but according to Plato who have Reason in domination he will co...

  Plato  (c. 428–c. 348 BCE) and  Aristotle  (384–322 BCE) are generally regarded as the two greatest figures of Western philosophy. Aristotle was Plato’s student and colleague at the  Academy  in Athens, an institution for philosophical, scientific, and mathematical research and teaching founded by Plato in the 380s. But Aristotle is not a blind follower of Plato. He has different views on some concepts of Plato and also criticize him. ·         Plato was more rationalist. He believed that knowledge has permanent  importance. He said in this universe we solve many problems even with thoughts, abstracta are what is True, Good, and Beautiful, which we discover through contemplation.   On the other hand, Aristotle was more empiricist. He believed in observation of reality is of paramount importance. we need to perform physical experiments and collect and analyze evidence to ...