Political Science in Simple way

Plato’s Ideal State Before know about  Ideal State  we should know about  State . State is not a concrete object but it is a combination individuals who share their ideas, thoughts, norms together and live. State came into existence to protect them so they live good life. According to  Plato  State is nothing but individual's writ large. So Ideal State is hypothetical state in which all individual get perfect life. Plato describes his Ideal State in his famous book “ The Republic .”  Plato gave his ideas in dialectical format. There are some features of Ideal State we pick up from these dialogues:    Division of Society  Plato believed that State is individual's writ large. He emphasized that every individual has three qualities :  Reason ,  Spirit , and  Desire . From these three qualities only one quality dominate person to person. Plato believed people should act according to their dominant quality.  Which has reason th...

 Social Constructivism is a theoretical approach in IR which argues that the international system is shaped by social interactions, shared ideas, norms, identities, and beliefs—not just by material forces like military power or economic capability. This approach gained attention in the end of  Cold War. Contructivist approach believes that there is no objectivity in this Social and political world. It challenges the dominant neo realist view that international politics is purely driven by power and anarchy. Core Assumption Ideas and norms matter State is not a concrete object , it is group of people who share some ideas, culture and follow same type of norms. Social Constructivist believes that these ideas and norms make state behavior.  It is not International structure which is responsible for State behavior but their ideologies which force them to behave like that. Identities shape interests People's beliefs and Assumption become particularly significant when they wide...

  John Locke (1632–1704) was an English philosopher. His political writings inspire many liberal thinkers. He was the first thinker of his time who stand against absolutism and underlay the outline of modern constitutionalism.  His political thoughts like natural rights, freedom, Consent, religious tolerance,  right to revolution, limited government etc has played a crucial role to the development of western democracies.  Ideas on Social Contract  On Locke’s 'Two Treaties On Government' he wrote about Social Contract.  In first he criticize the Political Thought of Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653) who support absolutism with patriarchal nature very strongly.  He rejects Filmer's thought about devine rights of king.  Social Contract  Human Nature   Unlike Thomas Hobbies(1588-1679) Locke believe in human nature as a blank state ( tabula rasa) with no ideas. He has only reason and cooperative behavior to survive. He believed that at the time o...

Before knowing about Ecologism we should know from where this thought came. The growth of Green ideology since 1960 has been provoked from intense advancement of  industrialization and urbanization.  Many thinkers observe that there should be any limitation on this because environment getting damaged.   Ecologism is a political ideology and theoretical perspective that emphasizes the importance of the natural environment and rethink the relationship between humans and nature. It argues that environmental problems cannot be solved merely through reforms within existing political, economic, or social systems; instead, it requires a transformation of values, institutions, and lifestyles. 1. Intrinsic Value of Nature : Ecologism asserts that nature has value in itself not merely for its usefulness to humans. This contrasts with anthropocentric ideologies like liberalism or socialism who put human above nature and wants to utilize nature according to their need.  2....

Socialism is an economic and political system in which the means of production—such as factories , industries , and resources —are owned and controlled by the state or the community as a whole. The main goal of socialism is to reduce inequality and ensure that wealth and resources are distributed fairly among all people. The Oxford English Dictionary defines Socialism as 'a theory or policy that aims at or advocates the ownership or control of the means of production - capital , land , property , etc. - by the community as a whole and their administration in the interests of all'. Under socialism, the government plays a major role in planning and managing the economy to meet the needs of everyone. It emphasizes cooperation over competition and focuses on public welfare , social justice , and equal opportunities . Here are the main features of socialism: 1. Collective Ownership – The first and basic feature of socialism is Collective ownership. The means of production s...

Meaning of Development Before understanding the Political Development, it is important to know about Development. Development is the process in which any person, institutions, organizations, states etc. becoming bigger in status, stronger and better.   Political Development The term Political Development mostly refers for the growth and development of Third World countries political system. Many times, it refers for the growth of modernization in these countries. Lucian Pye should be regarded as the leading light of the earlier batch of writers who analyses the concept of development in depth and give impression on the entire literature of political development. Lucian Pye presents the concept of Political Development in his book ‘Aspects of Political Development’ in 1966. Before give his own interpretation on Political Development he accepts and reject some definitions of Political Development which mention following: Political Development 1     Political D...