Political Science in Simple way

Main Causes of War War in the popular sense, a conflict between two or more groups or nations. War is not a new thing in International System. It starts from many years ago or we can say thousand years ago. Even in every religious book there is mention of war in any way. In ancient time there was only one type of war in which military directly come into fight with each other. But in today’s world there are other type of war also like cold war, proxy war etc. These war not even fought directly by rivalry states or groups. There are many causes of war like: FOR WEALTH GAIN In ancient time most of war was happen due to greed of wealth. Each nation wanted to gain wealth from another state and try to attack on them. Even in that time they attack on state and after exploit all wealth they give it back to same ruler. Their main aim in this war was to gain precious materials like gold, silver, cattle, horse etc. In modern times this wealth converts into resources like oil, minerals, raw ma...

  The India-Pakistan War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan. It was called Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan. Many countries also indirectly involved in this war. Here is the list of some countries who give their support to Pakistan in this war. INDIA PAK WR   USA USA is an ally of Pakistan that time so he enjoyed a great support both militarily and diplomatically. All weapons used by Pakistan were imported from USA. USA wants to counter USSR through this war which support India in this war.   UK UK was also supported Pakistan in this war. Britain helped in the training of the Pakistan Army by conducting joint military exercises.   CHINA After the war between India and China 1962, China always tries to criticize India. In 1971 war China regularly criticized India for its intervention in East Pakistan. Directly it didn’t intervene militarily in this war because Field Marshall Sam Manekshaw had ensured it. ...

Pakistan and China have different ideology from each other. But in International System they cooperate each other. Many times, China dominate Pakistan directly or indirectly despite this they cooperate each other. There are many reasons behind it: Pakistan China Relation INTERES T OF BOTH COUNTRIES ARE SAME Their ideologies might be different but their interests are same. Pakistan is always in a terrible spot, mostly due to its creation and decision of former head of state. China sees Pakistan as a useful market. China invested in infrastructure of Pakistan. China is improving Pakistan economy, which they really need.   STAND AGAINST INDIA Both are against India's development and progress, what we call it enemies. India shares its border from both countries. They always try to poke India especially Pakistan. China takes advantage of it and help Pakistan to provide them weapons and other facilities.   HEAVY LOANS ON PAKISTAN   Pakistan is getting lots o...

  The USA is a federal union of 50 states. This country is the superpower and hegemony on all states on the world directly or indirectly. Today’s world there are many nations we can call superpowers but we can’t deny that USA has more control especially economic control on all over the world. There some reasons or events that make USA only superpower.   UNITES STATES OF AMERICA LARGE SIZE AND POPULATION Mostly power of America comes from its size and population. It is one the largest countries on earth by population and area. For any country it’s very important to have vast area and human capital.   RICH RESOURCES Only vast area is not enough for gain power it will give you fruit when it has rich resources. USA is very lucky country by nature that it has vast area with rich resources that make him powerful country. The living standard of common people in this country is very good because of these resources.   ISOLATED COUNTRY USA is an isolated coun...

  Neorealism is an ideological departure from Hans Morgenthau’s writing on classical realism. It is often called “Structural Realism” which signifies that the theory centers on the effect of structure of the international system on states so that they come into conflict with each other. NEO REALISM ORIGIN OF NEO REALISM                                Neo Realism first introduce by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book “Theory of international Politics”.   Neo Realism is contemporary of Neo Liberalism. classical realism could not explain after second war situation (cold war) so neo realist explain that situation and came into existence. BASIC CONCEPT OF NEO REALISM CONCEPTS OF NEOREALISM •              Anarchy Anarchy means absence of authority. As we know in International System there are anarchy. It doesn’t mean the presence of chaos or war...

In the discipline of International Relation realism is a school of thought that emphasized the competitive and conflictual side of International Relations. This theory have a pragmatic approach to International Relation describing the world ‘as it is, not as it ought to be’.   HISTORY OF REALISM In history there was some thinkers which we can called realist thinkers like: Thucydides in his writing “History of the Peloponnesian War” explain that strong should rule over weak. Niccolò Machiavelli in his writing “ The Prince” emphasized on the effectual truth. He was first political scientist to behold the human condition without illusion. Thomas Hobbes in his writing “ Leviathan” describe state of nature as realist describe IR as state of nature. Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his writing “ Social Contract” accepts human imperfection and avoid any ultimate solution to the human problem.   Realism as a self conscious movement in the study of International Relations eme...

In previous article we discussed about causes of Security Dilemma. Now we will know about the impacts of this concept. NEGETIVE IMPACT OF SECURITY DILEMMA   SOURCE OF CONFLICT In anarchic nature of International System every state is suspicious for each other. They increase their security to protect themselves. This creates security dilemma in all others and they came into conflict with each other. Conflict doesn’t only mean war like situation it also includes alliances with revelry state’s enemy state to create more tension in that state. It increases more conflicts in all states.   MAXIMIZE SECURITY Although maximize security is good point to secure states. But States in Security Dilemma interpret it as an act of aggression. So, they increase their security. It leads more accumulation of weapons mostly nuclear weapons. This will be dangerous for whole world.   ARM RACE Security Dilemma encourage Arm Race. This increases more insecurity in states. T...

  SECURITY DILEMMA It all begins and ends in your mind. What you give power to, has power over you. If you allow it.   Security Dilemma came into existence from bi-polarized and atom bomb blessed anarchic world. Insecurity among nation state give more power to Security Dilemma.   The concepts seems to fit particularly well the competition between the United States of America and Soviet Union during cold war.   MAIN THINKERS Security   Dilemma was first described by the British historian Herbert Butterfield in 1949 . The term was coined by American Political Scientist John Herz in 1950 .   SECURITY Security is in most general sense as freedom from threats, fear and dangers and in International Relation Security means free from "threat to survival" because of world government. So states secure themselves by military, weapons, alliances etc.   DILEMMA Dilemma is a situation in which you have to make a difficult choice between two ...