NEO REALISM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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Neorealism is an ideological departure from Hans Morgenthau’s writing on classical realism. It is often called “Structural Realism” which signifies that the theory centers on the effect of structure of the international system on states so that they come into conflict with each other.

NEO REALISM

ORIGIN OF NEO REALISM

                              

Neo Realism first introduce by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book “Theory of international Politics”.  Neo Realism is contemporary of Neo Liberalism. classical realism could not explain after second war situation (cold war) so neo realist explain that situation and came into existence.

BASIC CONCEPT OF NEO REALISM

CONCEPTS OF NEOREALISM


•            Anarchy

Anarchy means absence of authority. As we know in International System there are anarchy. It doesn’t mean the presence of chaos or war all time. It simply means the absence of World Government or any institution or Organization which order will be binding on nation states. So, there are no authority which can give security and stability in International Relation.

•           Structure

Anarchy and structure are interconnected with each other. The structure of International System is anarchic. And this structure is mainly responsible for conflicts between states. They feel insecure with each other and this create security dilemma in every state. This structure encourages states for self-help.

•           Capability

In this Anarchic Structure all states feel insecure so they try to improve their capability. Neorealist explain capability in five criteria: - Demographic, Economic, Military, Natural Resources and Technological capacity. Each states wants to achieve these criteria to enhance their capability. In International System each states wants to secure themselves. For this they always try to increase their capability. Since no one can feel entirely secure in this system.

•           Polarity

According to States capability states acquire more and more power. This distribution of power give birth to polarity. There are three types of Polarity in International System: - Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar. In Cold War there was Bipolarity. USA and USSR were super powers and have influence on nation states. After disintegration of USSR only USA have Super power so we can say that period as Unipolar. But now we face multipolarity in which more than two states has capability or power to influence all over world.

•           National Interest

National Interest is an elusive concept. Each states wants to become more capable than its rivalry states. To achieve capability, they first want to become secure and stable. In national interest their first priority is to secure themselves then become more capable with each other.

 

DIVISION OF NEOREALISM

DEVISION OF NEOREALISM


•          Defensive Realism

             Original Neorealism which introduce by Kenneth Waltz is called Defensive Realism. This Realism believe in that structure of International System which is anarchy is mainly responsible for conflict in states.

•           Offensive Realism

              John Mearsheimer in his book “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics” introduce Offensive Realism later. He believes that not only structure but also the greed of states to acquire more and more power is mainly responsible for conflicts in states. Each state doesn’t only want to secure themselves but also want more power to influence other state.

 



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